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Known in the Ancient Near East and then important in Islamic pottery, from which it passed to Europe.
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Lead glazes, plain or coloured, are shiny and transparent after firing, which need only about 800 ☌ (1,470 ☏).Ash glaze, important in East Asia, simply made from wood or plant ash, which contains potash and lime.
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The most important groups of traditional glazes, each named after its main ceramic fluxing agent, are: Domestic sanitary ware is invariably glazed, as are many ceramics used in industry, for example ceramic insulators for overhead power lines. Tiles are almost always glazed on the surface face, and modern architectural terracotta is very often glazed. Most pottery produced in recent centuries has been glazed, other than pieces in unglazed biscuit porcelain, terracotta, or some other types. Glazes may also enhance the underlying design or texture either unmodified or inscribed, carved or painted. In addition to their functionality, glazes can form a variety of surface finishes, including degrees of glossy or matte finish and color. Glaze is also used on stoneware and porcelain. Glazing renders earthenware vessels suitable for holding liquids, sealing the inherent porosity of unglazed biscuit earthenware. Glaze can serve to color, decorate or waterproof an item. Detail of dripping rice-straw ash glaze (top), Japan, 1852Ĭeramic glaze is an impervious layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fused to a pottery body through firing.